Pharmasuticals
| Appearance | Color, shape, size, and any distinguishing marks (e.g., scored tablet, imprinted codes) | ||||
| Odor | Characteristic smell, if any (e.g., odorless, slightly sweet, sulfurous) | ||||
| Taste | Taste profile if relevant (e.g., bitter, sweet, tasteless) | ||||
| Solubility | Solubility in various solvents (e.g., water, ethanol, acetone, etc.) | ||||
| Melting Point | Temperature range at which the substance melts (for solid dosage forms) | ||||
| Boiling Point | Temperature at which the substance boils (for liquid dosage forms) | ||||
| Density | Mass per unit volume (e.g., g/cm³) | ||||
| Particle Size | Average particle size and distribution (important for powders and granules) | ||||
| pH | pH range in solution or suspension (e.g., pH 4.5-6.5) | ||||
| Viscosity | Measure of a fluid's resistance to flow (important for liquid and semi-solid dosage forms) | ||||
| Hardness | Tablet hardness or tensile strength (for solid dosage forms) | ||||
| Disintegration Time | Time required for the tablet to break down into smaller particles in a specified medium | ||||
| Dissolution Rate | Rate at which the active pharmaceutical ingredient dissolves in a specified medium | ||||
| Moisture Content | Amount of water present in the product (important for stability) | ||||
| Hygroscopicity | Tendency to absorb moisture from the environment | ||||
| Stability | Chemical and physical stability under various conditions (e.g., temperature, humidity) | ||||
| Specific Rotation | Optical rotation of the compound in solution (for chiral substances) | ||||
| Refractive Index | Measure of how light propagates through the substance (important for solutions) | ||||
| Crystallinity | Degree of crystalline structure in the substance (for solid forms) | ||||
| Polymorphism | Existence of different crystalline forms of the substance | ||||
| Bulk Density | Mass of powder per unit volume in bulk (e.g., g/mL) | ||||
| Tapped Density | Density of a powder after being compacted by tapping | ||||
| Angle of Repose | Angle formed by the free-standing surface of a powder heap (indicative of flow properties) | ||||
| Friability | Tendency of a tablet to chip or break under stress | ||||
| Porosity | Measure of the void spaces in a material (important for tablets and granules) | ||||
| Compressibility | Ability of a powder to decrease in volume under pressure | ||||
| Thermal Analysis | Thermal properties such as melting point, glass transition temperature (important for stability studies) | ||||
| UV/Vis Absorption | Absorption characteristics in the ultraviolet and visible light spectrum (important for identification) | ||||
| IR Spectrum | Infrared absorption spectrum (used for structural identification) | ||||
| NMR Spectrum | Nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum (used for structural identification) | ||||
| Mass Spectrum | Mass-to-charge ratio of ions (used for molecular weight determination) | ||||
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